Counselling alone can relieve PTSD symptoms for over 70% of survivors.

Trauma and stress can show up in many ways


Complex trauma (cPTSD)

Exposure to multiple, chronic, or repeated trauma over a prolonged period of time, such as childhood abuse or maltreatment, domestic violence, community violence, bullying, intergenerational trauma or systemic oppression, can cause PTSD-like symptoms such as emotional or behavioural difficulties, negative thoughts or feelings about yourself, a sense of worthlessness, shame, guilt or failure, nightmares, impulsivity, irritability, patterns of avoidance, and challenges in relationships or feeling close with others.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

1 month after an event like physical or sexual violence, a natural disaster, accident, injury, or death, you may have unwanted memories, thoughts or nightmares, anger or irritability, feel on edge, guilt, shame, fear, or numbness, avoid reminders, or have negative thoughts about yourself or others.

Acute stress disorder

Following the same kinds of events that can lead to PTSD, similar symptoms develop lasting between 3 days to 1 month.

Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)

Often resulting from severe early traumatic experiences such as neglect or abuse, kids can become very comfortable separating from their caregivers, overly affectionate or unafraid, wander off with strangers.

Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)

Often starting before 5 years old, after chronically unmet emotional needs or frequent changes in caregivers, kids can have difficulty forming secure attachments, and become irritable, sad, fearful, and withdrawn, rarely seeking comfort or not responding to comfort when distressed.

Adjustment disorder

Severe emotional or behavioural changes can occur in adults or kids following a major change, loss, or transition, like divorce, job loss, death.

Prolonged grief disorder (complicated/traumatic grief)

Grief, such as feeling like you lost a part of yourself, disbelief, avoidance of reminders, intense emotional pain, or severe loneliness, following the death of a loved one that lasts more than 1 year in adults, or 6 months in kids.
PTSD is not a sign of weakness, it is a sign of having tried to survive something that should have never happened.

​- J. L. Witterick

Other Related Areas of Expertise


Trauma and stress related disorders can often co-occur with other mental health concerns, including anxiety and depression related issues. 

Anxiety

Depression

Online Trauma-Focused Care


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